Although there is currently only limited use of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in jail settings, this resource discusses why jails should provide MAT and the best practices for doing so. Benefits to jail executives such as increased chances of rehabilitation, reduced morbidity and mortality, reduced recidivism, and reduced system costs are cited.

The resource recommends that screening for substance use disorders be universal for those entering jail. After consulting with medical/treatment staff, the decision of whether to begin MAT should be left up to the individual. Descriptions and dosage information are provided for the common medications used to treat opioid use disorders: methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. It is recommended that facilities offer all three medications. Commonly used medications such as these should be discussed with the individual, and the decision on which medication is the best fit should be shared among the individual, a doctor/medical provider, and a treatment provider. Those undergoing MAT should be periodically tested to ensure they are getting the proper dosage of the medication.

To ensure the best and most effective outcomes for the individuals, medication use must be supplemented with counseling and wrap around services. In jails, this especially means forming partnerships with community-based treatment providers. However, the providers should be carefully selected as many substance use treatment programs do not provide MAT. This is essential to the continuing of treatment once an individual is released back into the community. There is evidence to support that beginning treatment prior to release is more effective than beginning treatment after release. It is also recommended that naloxone be made available in case of overdose.

Pregnant women are highlighted as a special population requiring special services associated with MAT. Although the resource focuses on the treatment of opioid use disorders, medication-assisted treatment for alcohol is also mentioned. The resource concludes by highlighting a few jail MAT programs and their outcomes.

---

Citation:

National Sheriffs’ Association and National Commission on Correctional Health Care. (2018). Jail-based medication-assisted treatment: Promising practices, guidelines, and resources for the field. Retrieved from https://www.ncchc.org/jail-based-MAT